Protocols · Metabolic
Lipo-B dosage protocol
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Dosage protocol
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Lipo-B: research background
What Inositol Is
Inositol is a carbocyclic sugar polyalcohol, with myo-inositol being the most abundant of its nine possible structural isomers in living organisms (PMID 37111094, PMID 33755975). It is a key molecule in various metabolic pathways across all organisms and is fundamental for osmotic balance in the mammalian brain (PMID 25819438). Myo-inositol and its epimer D-chiro-inositol are stored in the kidney, brain, and liver (PMID 33755975). Eukaryotic cells utilize the myo-inositol backbone to generate diverse signaling molecules by arranging phosphate groups around its six-carbon ring (PMID 26862212).
How Inositol Is Thought to Work
Inositol participates in numerous biological functions, either directly or by providing the fundamental backbone for derived metabolites like inositol phosphates, phosphoinositides, and pyrophosphates (PMID 37111094, PMID 26862212). These metabolites form an intricate network involved in core biochemical processes within cells (PMID 37111094). Inositol and its derivatives are crucial for signal transduction, metabolic flux, insulin signaling, ion-channel permeability regulation, stress response, and embryo development (PMID 33755975). Myo-inositol, for instance, acts as a second messenger of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) in the ovary (PMID 34169781). The transport of inositol into cells is regulated by specific inositol transporters, which are promising targets for medical treatments (PMID 25819438).
Laboratory and Human Studies on Inositol and Metabolism
Experimental data have shown that myo-inositol and D-chiro-inositol are necessary for insulin and other molecular factors to function effectively, improving glucose breakdown through the citric acid cycle, especially in glucose-greedy tissues like the ovary (human context inferred from PCOS treatments, PMID 37111094). Myo-inositol strengthens aromatase and FSH receptor expression, while D-chiro-inositol promotes androgen synthesis in the theca layer and down-regulates aromatase and estrogen expression in granulosa cells (inferred from human ovarian cell function, PMID 37111094). Clinical evidence has shown that a 40:1 ratio of myo-inositol to D-chiro-inositol is effective for restoring ovulation in women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) (human study, PMID 32308679).
Open Questions and Limitations
Inositol requirements are partly met by diet, with the remainder synthesized endogenously (PMID 33755975). Inositol deficiency may be involved in the pathogenesis of conditions such as metabolic syndrome, spina bifida (a neural tube defect), PCOS, and diabetes (PMID 33755975). Supplementation of myo-inositol and D-chiro-inositol has been shown to be effective in managing and relieving symptoms of diseases associated with endocrine function of the ovary (human studies, PMID 37111094). However, some combinations of inositol stereoisomers for PCOS treatment may be arbitrary and counterproductive, especially considering that D-chiro-inositol can inhibit aromatase, potentially increasing androgens (PMID 32308679). Also, D-chiro-inositol and myo-inositol compete for the same intestinal transporter, and other substances like sorbitol or sucralose can reduce myo-inositol absorption (human context, PMID 32308679).
Studies cited in this section
- Inositol transport proteins. — FEBS letters, 2015 (PMID 25819438)
- Myo-Inositol and D-Chiro-Inositol as Modulators of Ovary Steroidogenesis: A Narrative Review. — Nutrients, 2023 (PMID 37111094)
- Phosphate, inositol and polyphosphates. — Biochemical Society transactions, 2016 (PMID 26862212)
- From Myo-inositol to D-chiro-inositol molecular pathways. — European review for medical and pharmacological sciences, 2021 (PMID 33755975)
- An innovative approach to polycystic ovary syndrome. — Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology : the journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022 (PMID 34169781)
- Inositol Treatment for PCOS Should Be Science-Based and Not Arbitrary. — International journal of endocrinology, 2020 (PMID 32308679)
Summarised from the PubMed abstracts listed above. Educational reference only — not medical advice or instructions.
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