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Peptide Research Glossary: Key Terms Defined | Peptide Intel Hub

A short glossary of common terms in peptide research — useful when reading a COA or browsing a research catalogue.

Documentation terms

COA — Certificate of Analysis. HPLC — High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, the standard purity test. Mass spec — mass spectrometry, used to confirm peptide identity.

Form & handling

Lyophilised — freeze-dried powder. Bacteriostatic water — water with a small bacteriostatic agent, the most common reconstitution solvent. In-use stability — how long reconstituted product remains usable.

Mechanism terms

GLP-1 — glucagon-like peptide-1, a metabolic hormone target. GIP — glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, often paired with GLP-1 in dual agonists. Half-life — time for the compound's plasma concentration to halve.

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A–Z index of compounds covered in our articles

27 compounds. Each entry links to the peer-reviewed literature on PubMed, to the articles here that discuss it, and to the reference page on Regena Peptides and Regena.app, the independent suppliers we verify and recommend to readers.

A

Acetic Acid(0.6% Acetic Acid solvent kit — 3 ml × 10 vials (liquid))Supplies

Low-pH liquid reconstitution solvent — kit of 10 × 3 ml vials.

Mechanism: Low-pH liquid solvent that improves solubility of hydrophobic peptides (e.g. BPC-157, GHK-Cu).

PubMed literature Reference page on Regena Peptides

Covered in: Peptide Reconstitution: A Laboratory Reconstitution Guide, Peptide Reconstitution and Storage: A Laboratory Reference

B

Bacteriostatic Water(BAC Water (0.9% benzyl alcohol))Supplies

Sterile liquid diluent (0.9% benzyl alcohol) — 10 ml × 10 vials.

Mechanism: Sterile water preserved with 0.9% benzyl alcohol to inhibit microbial growth across multi-vial research use.

PubMed literature Reference page on Regena Peptides

Covered in: BPC-157 vs TB-500: A Comparative Research Guide, Peptide Reconstitution: A Laboratory Reconstitution Guide, GHK-Cu: The Copper Peptide in Cosmetic and Skin-Repair Research

BPC-157Regenerative

Pentadecapeptide widely studied in tendon, ligament and gut repair models.

Mechanism: Modulates nitric oxide and VEGF pathways supporting angiogenesis.

PubMed literature Reference page on Regena Peptides

Covered in: Immune-Modulating Peptides: KPV and Thymosin Alpha-1 in Inflammation Research, BPC-157 vs TB-500: A Comparative Research Guide, BPC-157 in Tissue-Repair Research: What the Literature Shows

BPC-157 + TB-500Regenerative

Combined regenerative research blend for soft-tissue repair models.

Mechanism: Combined angiogenic / cytoprotective signalling (BPC-157) and actin-sequestration / cell-migration support (TB-500).

PubMed literature Reference page on Regena Peptides

Covered in: Research Kits vs Single Vials: Choosing the Right Format

C

CagrilintideMetabolic

Long-acting amylin analogue for combination incretin research.

Mechanism: Activates amylin/calcitonin receptors.

PubMed literature Reference page on Regena Peptides

Covered in: Cagrilintide: Long-Acting Amylin Analogue in Metabolic Research, Research Kits vs Single Vials: Choosing the Right Format

E

EpitalonLongevity

Tetrapeptide studied in pineal, circadian and telomerase research.

Mechanism: Reported telomerase modulation in cell models.

PubMed literature Reference page on Regena Peptides

Covered in: The Peptide Research Scene on the Costa del Sol, Epitalon: The Pineal Peptide in Longevity Research, MOTS-c: The Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide in Metabolic and Longevity Research

Epithalon(Epitalon, AEDG tetrapeptide)Longevity

AEDG tetrapeptide used in telomere, pineal and cellular-senescence research.

Mechanism: Proposed pineal/telomerase modulation and epigenetic regulation in cellular-senescence models.

PubMed literature Reference page on Regena Peptides

Covered in: The Peptide Research Scene on the Costa del Sol, Epitalon: The Pineal Peptide in Longevity Research, MOTS-c: The Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide in Metabolic and Longevity Research

G

GHK-CuRegenerative

Copper-binding tripeptide widely studied in skin and hair biology.

Mechanism: Copper chaperone modulating ECM and antioxidant gene expression.

PubMed literature Reference page on Regena Peptides

Covered in: GHK-Cu: The Copper Peptide in Cosmetic and Skin-Repair Research, Cold-Chain Storage for Research Peptides: A Practical Bench Guide, The Peptide Research Scene on the Costa del Sol

GHRP-6Growth Hormone

Hexapeptide GH secretagogue with appetite-pathway research interest.

Mechanism: GHS-R1a agonist; notable appetite-stimulating activity via ghrelin pathway.

PubMed literature Reference page on Regena Peptides

Covered in: Ipamorelin and CJC-1295: Growth Hormone Secretagogue Research

H

HumaninLongevity

Mitochondrial-derived cytoprotective peptide for ageing research.

Mechanism: Cytoprotective via STAT3 and IGFBP-3 binding.

PubMed literature Reference page on Regena Peptides

Covered in: SS-31 (Elamipretide): Cardiolipin-Targeting Peptide in Mitochondrial Research

I

IpamorelinGrowth Hormone

Selective GH secretagogue used in clean somatotropic axis research.

Mechanism: Selective GHS-R1a agonist driving pulsatile GH release without cortisol/prolactin elevation.

PubMed literature Reference page on Regena Peptides

Covered in: Ipamorelin and CJC-1295: Growth Hormone Secretagogue Research, Tesamorelin: GHRH Analogue in Growth-Hormone-Axis Research

K

KPVRegenerative

α-MSH tripeptide fragment studied in mucosal inflammation models.

Mechanism: Anti-inflammatory action via melanocortin pathway.

PubMed literature Reference page on Regena Peptides

Covered in: Immune-Modulating Peptides: KPV and Thymosin Alpha-1 in Inflammation Research, KPV: The α-MSH-Derived Tripeptide in Inflammatory Research

L

LiraglutideMetabolic

Short-acting GLP-1 reference compound for daily-exposure research models.

Mechanism: Acylated GLP-1 analogue with albumin binding for extended action.

PubMed literature Reference page on Regena Peptides

Covered in: GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A Mechanistic Overview for Researchers

M

Melanotan IICosmetic

Non-selective melanocortin agonist for pigmentation and appetite research.

Mechanism: Non-selective melanocortin receptor agonist (MC1R/MC3R/MC4R).

PubMed literature Reference page on Regena Peptides

Covered in: Melanotan II: A Research Reference for Melanocortin Signalling, KPV: The α-MSH-Derived Tripeptide in Inflammatory Research, PT-141 (Bremelanotide): Selective Melanocortin-Receptor Research

MK-677(Ibutamoren)Growth Hormone

Oral ghrelin mimetic for long-duration GH/IGF-1 research.

Mechanism: Orally bioavailable GHS-R agonist.

PubMed literature Reference page on Regena Peptides

Covered in: Ipamorelin and CJC-1295: Growth Hormone Secretagogue Research

MOTS-cLongevity

Mitochondrial-derived peptide used in exercise-mimetic and AMPK research.

Mechanism: Activates AMPK and modulates folate/methionine cycle.

PubMed literature Reference page on Regena Peptides

Covered in: Mitochondrial Peptides: MOTS-c and SS-31 in Longevity Research, MOTS-c: The Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide in Metabolic and Longevity Research, SS-31 (Elamipretide): Cardiolipin-Targeting Peptide in Mitochondrial Research

P

PT-141(Bremelanotide)Cosmetic

Selective MC4R agonist for central neuro-behavioural research.

Mechanism: Central melanocortin pathway modulation.

PubMed literature Reference page on Regena Peptides

Covered in: Melanotan II: A Research Reference for Melanocortin Signalling, PT-141 (Bremelanotide): Selective Melanocortin-Receptor Research

R

RetatrutideMetabolic

Triple incretin/glucagon receptor agonist for advanced metabolic and energy-balance research.

Mechanism: Simultaneous activation of three incretin/glucagon receptors.

PubMed literature Reference page on Regena Peptides

Covered in: GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A Mechanistic Overview for Researchers, Retatrutide: Triple-Agonist Peptide in Metabolic Research, Semaglutide vs Tirzepatide: A Research-Grade Comparison

S

SelankCognitive

Tuftsin analogue used in anxiolytic and resilience research models.

Mechanism: Modulates GABAergic tone and enkephalin metabolism.

PubMed literature Reference page on Regena Peptides

Covered in: Selank and Semax: Heptapeptides in Cognitive Research

Semaglutide(Ozempic, Wegovy (reference))Metabolic

Reference GLP-1 agonist with a ~7-day half-life used in metabolic, incretin and appetite-pathway research models.

Mechanism: Selective agonism of the GLP-1 receptor modulating insulin secretion and gastric emptying.

PubMed literature Reference page on Regena Peptides

Covered in: Incretin Peptide Research in 2026: Single, Dual and Triple Agonists Compared, GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A Mechanistic Overview for Researchers, Retatrutide: Triple-Agonist Peptide in Metabolic Research

SemaxCognitive

ACTH(4-10) analogue used in BDNF and cognitive performance research.

Mechanism: Modulates BDNF and dopamine/serotonin signaling.

PubMed literature Reference page on Regena Peptides

Covered in: Selank and Semax: Heptapeptides in Cognitive Research

SermorelinGrowth Hormone

Native GHRH(1-29) fragment, baseline reference in GH research.

Mechanism: Native GHRH fragment stimulating pituitary GH release.

PubMed literature Reference page on Regena Peptides

Covered in: Ipamorelin and CJC-1295: Growth Hormone Secretagogue Research, Tesamorelin: GHRH Analogue in Growth-Hormone-Axis Research

SS-31(Elamipretide)Performance

Mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide for cardiolipin/ETC research.

Mechanism: Binds cardiolipin to stabilize inner mitochondrial membrane.

PubMed literature Reference page on Regena Peptides

Covered in: Mitochondrial Peptides: MOTS-c and SS-31 in Longevity Research, SS-31 (Elamipretide): Cardiolipin-Targeting Peptide in Mitochondrial Research, NAD+ Precursors in Longevity Research: NMN, NR and Direct NAD+

T

TB-500(Thymosin Beta-4 fragment)Regenerative

Thymosin Beta-4 fragment studied in soft tissue repair and migration assays.

Mechanism: Promotes cell migration, angiogenesis and actin remodeling.

PubMed literature Reference page on Regena Peptides

Covered in: BPC-157 vs TB-500: A Comparative Research Guide, BPC-157 in Tissue-Repair Research: What the Literature Shows, The Peptide Research Scene on the Costa del Sol

TesamorelinGrowth Hormone

Stabilised GHRH analogue, prominent in visceral fat research models.

Mechanism: Trans-3-hexenoic acid N-terminal modification for proteolytic resistance.

PubMed literature Reference page on Regena Peptides

Covered in: Ipamorelin and CJC-1295: Growth Hormone Secretagogue Research, Tesamorelin: GHRH Analogue in Growth-Hormone-Axis Research

Thymosin Alpha-1(Tα1)Immune

Thymic peptide bridging innate and adaptive immunity research.

Mechanism: TLR-mediated dendritic cell activation.

PubMed literature Reference page on Regena Peptides

Covered in: Immune-Modulating Peptides: KPV and Thymosin Alpha-1 in Inflammation Research

Tirzepatide(Mounjaro (reference))Metabolic

Dual GIP/GLP-1 agonist used to study incretin synergy, adipose biology and insulin sensitivity in laboratory models.

Mechanism: Co-activation of GIP and GLP-1 receptors for incretin pathway studies.

PubMed literature Reference page on Regena Peptides

Covered in: GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A Mechanistic Overview for Researchers, Retatrutide: Triple-Agonist Peptide in Metabolic Research, The Peptide Research Scene on the Costa del Sol

Compare compounds side-by-side

Every glossary term below has a dedicated head-to-head research comparison — mechanism, receptor profile, half-life and handling.