Protocols · Cognitive
Dosage and protocol information sourced exclusively from PeptideDosages.com.
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Dosage and protocol figures on this page are reproduced only from the matching PeptideDosages.com protocol. The 3 ml table is arithmetic based on those source amounts and the listed vial sizes. Educational research only — not instructions or medical advice.
The dosage amounts and schedules below come only from PeptideDosages.com. Syringe-unit figures are mathematical conversions of those source amounts using exactly 3 ml of bacteriostatic water. Educational reference only — not instructions or medical advice.
Pinealon · 20 mg Vial
Pinealon is dosed at 1 mg–2 mg daily via subcutaneous injection in educational protocols.
| Days | Daily Dose |
|---|---|
| Days 1–5 | 1.0 mg (1,000 mcg) |
| Days 6–14 | 1.5 mg (1,500 mcg) |
| Days 15–20 | 2.0 mg (2,000 mcg) |
5 mg + 3 ml = 1.67 mg/ml. Choose your vial strength to update the units below.
| Source dose | U-100 syringe |
|---|---|
| 1 mg | 60 units |
| 0 mcg | 0.0 units |
| 1.5 mg | 90 units |
| 500 mcg | 30 units |
| 2 mg | 120 units |
Pinealon is a synthetic tripeptide with the amino acid sequence Glu-Asp-Arg (PMID 21978084, PMID 22567179, PMID 22117547).
Pinealon is categorized as a recovery-enhancing agent that targets circadian and mitochondrial regulators (PMID 41490200). It acts as an antioxidant, restricting reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and decreasing necrotic cell death in cerebellar granule cells, neutrophils, and pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells (PMID 21978084). The protective effect of pinealon is associated with delayed ERK 1/2 activation and modification of the cell cycle (PMID 21978084).
Beyond its antioxidant activity, pinealon may interact directly with the cell genome (PMID 21978084). Studies in HeLa cells indicate that pinealon can penetrate the cytoplasm, nucleus, and nucleolus, potentially interacting with cellular components including DNA and RNA (PMID 22117547). It appears to bind specifically with nucleic acid structures, discriminating between nucleotide sequences and recognizing cytosine methylation status. Pinealon, along with other peptides, preferentially binds with deoxyribooligonucleotides containing a CNG sequence, which are targets for cytosine DNA methylation in eukaryotes (PMID 22117547).
In cell studies, pinealon increased cell viability by suppressing free radical levels and activating proliferative processes in cerebellar granule cells, neutrophils, and PC12 cells exposed to oxidative stress (PMID 21978084). It demonstrated antihypoxic properties in a model of hypobaric hypoxia in animals, showing a pronounced effect among several short regulatory peptides (PMID 18546825).
In animal studies, pinealon improved the cognitive function and increased resistance of cerebellum neurons to oxidative stress in the offspring of rats with prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia (PMID 22567179). This was observed through improved spatial orientation and learning ability, and decreased ROS accumulation and necrotic cells in isolated cerebellum neurons (PMID 22567179). Pinealon also contributed to the accumulation of adrenergic mediators in the brains of rats during acute hypobaric hypoxia and serotonin in the cerebrum cortex during mild hypothermia (PMID 28509493). In old rats with acute hypoxic hypoxia, pinealon was suggested to increase neurogenesis and decrease neuroinflammatory reactions in the brain (PMID 25051764).
A study involving 32 people (18 men, 12 women) aged 41-83 with polymorbidity and organic brain syndrome in remission investigated the effects of pinealon. The study suggested pinealon had a significant anabolic effect, improving central nervous system activity and other vital organs, which could slow the rate of aging by biological age indicators (PMID 26390612). Pinealon did not affect the degree of chromatin condensation in this study (PMID 26390612).
However, a general review notes a current lack of clinical trials for many therapeutic peptides, including those influencing neuroplasticity, despite promising preclinical studies (PMID 41490200).
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS): Highly reactive molecules containing oxygen that can damage cells (PMID 21978084).
ERK 1/2 activation: A molecular pathway involved in cell growth, proliferation, and survival (PMID 21978084).
Hypobaric hypoxia: A condition of reduced oxygen availability due to low atmospheric pressure (PMID 18546825).
Summarised from the PubMed abstracts listed above. Educational reference only — not medical advice or instructions.
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